Cache-Aside in Production: TTLs, Invalidation, and How to Prevent Cache Stampedes

The complete guide to the cache-aside pattern with Redis: jittered TTLs, correct invalidation, and the three defenses against cache stampedes (distributed lock, single-flight, and XFetch). Expanded with stale-while-revalidate, fail-open and circuit breakers, two-tier caching with RESP3 invalidation, delayed double delete and CDC, hot keys, eviction and memory management, observability with Prometheus, testing, choosing an engine (Redis, Valkey, Memcached), and a complete TypeScript implementation. With production-ready code in Python and TypeScript.

36 minutes read

2026-07-11

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